Challenges and Rewards of Learning a Secondary Language free essay sample

Difficulties and Axia College of University of Phoenix People learn dialects in various manners, and it is essential to consider different learning alternatives to build an individual’s potential for progress. Learning an optional language can improve personal satisfaction Learning another dialect has numerous advantages; professional success, crossing over correspondence holes, and reinforcing fundamental abilities. â€Å"What hypothesis suggests, basically, is that language obtaining, first or second, happens when cognizance of genuine messages happens, and when the get isn't ‘on the defensive’† composed Steven D. composing an assistance plan Krashner (1981) Many bosses search for bilingual workers to improve their business advertising and deals outreach. As the world therapists because of the expansion of electronic abilities, businesses search for workers who can assist them with crossing over the correspondence hole. The United States itself is a mixture of various dialects and societies. These businesses are in various divisions of chances, they can be in the retail segment, transportation, the travel industry, organization, secretarial administrations, advertising, promoting deals, banking and bookkeeping, interpretations, or law, and educating. Every ha its own remarkable arrangement of business and client needs rotating around genuine language correspondence. Discretionary approaches to get familiar with an unknown dialect Current language learning programs incorporate submersion, PC projects, and formal classes. Each kind of learning offers understudies qualities dependent on speculation of time, cash, and assets. By surveying and understanding one’s favored learning style it is conceivable to influence the learning result emphatically and increment the speculation return. We should have receptive outlooks to gain proficiency with the way that is best for every person. One of the approaches to become familiar with another dialect is through drenching into the social of the language of decision. The instructors utilize an immense collection of instructing methodologies to assist the members with learning the new dialect. The member goes through the greater part of their day communicating in the auxiliary language and not talking in their local tongue for a period. This permits them to get familiar with the language all the more quickly in light of the fact that they need to learn it or not talk. Thusly of learning should be possible all the more quickly, yet can be very costly in light of the fact that typically the student should head out to the auxiliary nation or unique school for the training. Another approach to get familiar with an optional language is by taking classes. Classes can be found at numerous schools, online projects or â€Å"free universities†. These classes can be advantageous in light of the fact that a student will get moment criticism about the affectation of the language and will have the option to chat with others in the class while learning. Classes are additionally gainful as they permit the understudy to pose inquiries of the educator to ensure the articulation or tongue is right. Educators are typically conversant in the language and many originate from the district of the language or have invested a lot of energy there finding out about the language. These classes will ordinarily begin with the rudiments of the language and construct the language in stages. PC projects, DVDs, or CDs are another approach to get familiar with an unknown dialect is. Numerous projects are accessible so it is important to investigate various projects to locate the correct one. Numerous individuals appreciate along these lines of learning since it is advantageous. An individual can play a CD in their vehicle, or download to a cell phone to adapt any place and at whatever point they need. Coordinating learning qualities and systems with accessible alternatives While numerous individuals will learn dialects effectively, that can't be said for everybody. A few people experience challenges with learning a language since they go into learning a language on edge. They go into getting the hang of reasoning they won't have the option to learn, or won't talk it effectively. A few people will rehearse the language yet overlook what they realized rapidly, or don't hold the data. A considerable lot of these troubles originate from the absence of introduction. On the off chance that an individual can't rehearse what they realize, they can't hold the data they have learned, or may not get the articulation right. Numerous individuals additionally dread the utilization of the new dialect. A few dialects can be more enthusiastically to learn by and large. As indicated by Wisegeek. com (n. d. ) the British Foreign Office as of late led a review on what is the hardest language to learn, and said it is Basque, followed intently by Hungarian as a result of its utilization of 35 cases or thing structures. The accentuation arrangement of the German and Russian language makes them likewise hard to learn. Learning another dialect additionally permits an individual to appreciate correspondence points of interest. They can peruse books of various essayists, increase a more profound information on various thoughts, and don't endure troubles with dialects when voyaging. They can fit in and see a greater amount of what they need to see by having the option to approach precisely what they are searching for. Being bilingual additionally has subjective advantages; an individual whom is bilingual can utilize the adaptability of at least two words meaning something very similar to portray something very similar. They are better ready to tune in for the ideal word in any circumstance. The listening aptitudes of a bilingual will permit them to address any one in their local tongue to depict certain occurrences. This thusly, increments bilingual’s confidence. As indicated by Buzzle. com (n. d. ) bilinguals additionally improve scholastically. They will in general have higher test and grades, and can learn three or four dialects effortlessly. References Coffey, S. , Street, B. (2008). Account and character in the â€Å"language learning project†. Present day Language Journal, Fall2008(92), p452-464. Ehrman, M. E. (1996). Seeing second language learning troubles. Recovered Octoberâ 6, 2009, from http://eric. ed. gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini. js Krashen, S. D. (1981). Second language obtaining second language learning. College of Southern California . Recovered Octoberâ 10, 2009, from http://www. sdkrashen. com/SL_Acquisition_and_Learning/list. html Noels, K. A. (2003). For what reason would you say you are learning a subsequent language? Persuasive directions and self-assurance hypothesis. Recovered Octoberâ 6, 2009, from http://search. ebscohost. com Wilson, R. (2000). The most effective method to discover web assets for learning a specific language. Recovered Octoberâ 10, 2009, from http://www. languageimpact. com/articles/rw/intrscrse. htm  (n. d. ). Wisegeek. com. Recovered Octoberâ 8, 2009, from http://www. wisegeek. com/which-are-the-most-troublesome dialects to-learn. htm

Martin Luther Kings I Have a Dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Martin Luther Kings I Have a Dream - Essay Example For example, he begins his discourse by saying, â€Å"One multi year later, the life of the Negro is still unfortunately disabled by the cuffs of isolation and the chains of discrimination† (Incomeexperts, 2012). In his discourse, he likewise expresses various occasions in transit he longs for uniformity in the United States of America. Lord contends that â€Å"I have a fantasy my four little kids will one day live in a country where they won't be decided by the shade of their skin yet by the substance of their character† (Incomeexperts, 2012). Martin Luther King goes further to point produce archives, which he uses to underline his contention. What's more, he discloses to his crowd on how the Emancipation Proclamation archive was an achievement in the wake of balance in the United States of America Negros. The then president, Abraham Lincoln, marked this report states, which set free the slaves in numerous states. These were among the main indications of the dark minor ity getting their privileges. He goes considerably further to make reference to about the United States Constitution to underscore his point on how his fantasy his of balance could be figured it out. Through underscore of a significant number of his starting words, lord sets his crowd in a memorable place what they found out about the discourse. This is one of the attributes of a decent discourse introduction; in addition, the voice of Martin Luther King is complex. This is seen through his utilization of clear words with these words he gives his crowd the perspective on how they are being dealt with and what he longs for. Moreover, he utilizes other illustrative styles like similitudes to give the crowd a superior comprehension of his discourse, for instance he says, â€Å"America has given the Negro an awful check, which has returned stamped deficient funds† (Incomeexperts, 2012) Â

The Purpose of Achievement Tests

The Purpose of Achievement Tests Student Resources Print Achievement Tests How Achievement Tests Measure What People Have Learned By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on February 06, 2020 BFG Images / Getty Images More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers How do we determine what a person knows about a certain subject? Or how do we determine an individuals level of skill in a certain area? One of the most common ways to do this is to use an achievement test. An achievement test is designed to measure a persons level of skill, accomplishment, or knowledge in a specific area. Closer Look at Achievement Tests The achievement tests that most people are familiar with are the standard exams taken by every student in school. Students are regularly expected to demonstrate their learning and proficiency in a variety of subjects. In most cases, certain scores on these achievement tests are needed in order to pass a class or continue on to the next grade level. The role of achievement tests in education has become much more pronounced since the passage of the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act.?? This legislation  focused  on standard-based education which was used to measure educational goals and outcomes.  While this law was later replaced by the 2015 Every Student Succeeds Act, achievement testing remains a key element in measuring educational success and plays a role in determining school funding. But achievement tests are not just important during the years of K-12 education and college. They can be used to assess skills when people are trying to learn a new sport. If you were learning dance, martial arts, or some other specialized athletic skill, an achievement test can be important for determining your current level of ability and possible need for further training.   Examples of Achievement Tests Some more examples of achievement tests include: A math exam covering the latest chapter in your bookA test in your social psychology classA comprehensive final in your Spanish classThe ACT and SAT examsA skills demonstration in your martial arts class Each of these tests is designed to assess how much you know at a specific point in time about a certain topic. Achievement tests are not used to determine what you are capable of; they are designed to evaluate what you know and your level of skill at the given moment. As you can see, achievement tests are widely used in a number of domains, both academic- and career-related. Students face an array of achievement tests almost every day as they complete their studies at all grade levels, from pre-K through college. Such tests allow educators and parents to assess how their kids are doing in school, but also provide feedback to students on their own performance. When Are Achievement Tests Used? Achievement tests are often used in educational and training settings. In schools, for example, achievements tests are frequently used to determine the level of education for which students might be prepared. Students might take such a test to determine if they are ready to enter into a particular grade level or if they are ready to pass of a particular subject or grade level and move on to the next. Standardized achievement tests are also used extensively in educational settings to determine if students have met specific learning goals. Each grade level has certain educational expectations, and testing is used to determine if schools, teachers, and students are meeting those standards. So how exactly are achievement tests created? In many instances, subject matter experts help determine what content standards should exist for a certain subject. These standard represent the things that an individual at a certain skill or grade level should know about a particular subject. Test designers can then use this information to develop exams that accurately reflect the most important things that a person should know about that topic. Achievement Tests vs Aptitude Tests Achievement tests differ in important ways from aptitude tests. An aptitude test is designed to determine your potential for success in a certain area. For example, a student might take an aptitude test to help determine which types of career they might be best suited for. An achievement test, on the other hand, would be designed to determine what a student already knows about a specific subject. A Word From Verywell Achievement tests play an important role in education, but they have also been the subject of criticism at times. Some feel that excessive testing interferes with the educational process and places too much emphasis on passing a test while ignoring more important abilities such as critical and creative thinking. However, such tests do provide a fairly efficient way to get an idea of how well students are performing.

Project Management Plan For The Canadian Arrow Rocket

Introduction The Schedule Management Plan for the assembly of the Canadian Arrow Rocket will be the guide to completion of the project in the time guideline agreed upon in the Project Charter and the Project Management Plan. The Schedule management plan is important to provide the SST team, the Sponsor and the Customer, Scaled Composites with the information on what the projects status will be at a given point in time. The purpose of the schedule management plan will be to outline the duration of each task and allow for a baseline to determine if schedule changes will need to occur to make the deadline. Definite Duration Matrix Schedule Methodology The Project Schedule will be developed by using Microsoft Excel to†¦show more content†¦As the worked packages are completed and signed off by the PM, the schedule will be updated to reflect each work package completion. The resources completing each task will be required to report completion times immediately following the conclusion of the work package. The PM will communicate schedule adherence updates to the Sponsor at every milestone. Duration Estimates and Units of Measure The amount of time that will be required to complete each work package will be estimated by recommending the number of work periods needed to complete individual activities with the estimated resources. All estimated duration times will be reported in whole hours, rounding any partial hours up to the next whole hour. Partial days will be rounded up to the next whole day. The estimated duration times will be reviewed and must fall in line with the scheduled Project completion date. Operational Procedure Process Organizational procedure links provides WBS (Appendix A) as the framework for the management plan, allowing for the consistency with the estimates and resulting schedules. Furthermore, historical information can be gathers from previous projects, standardize processes, and acts as a template that contain standard activity. Organizational process assets are formal and informal activity regarding planning related policies, guidelines, and scheduling methodology, aiding and developing activity definitions (PMI,Show MoreRelatedIntroduction – Process Improvement Plan. Space Systems2078 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction – Process Improvement Plan Space Systems Technologies was contracted to assemble a 5/8th scaled model of the Canadian Arrow Rocket to be used by Scaled Composites to be launched in order to collect data to analyze for future full scale model rocket launch. This project will only include the assembly of the rocket. The process improvement plan is a component of the Project Management Plan for the Canadian Arrow Rocket plan that will outline steps to analyze the project and to identify any areasRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesPROJECT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDIES, SECOND EDITION - PROJECT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDIES, SECOND EDITION HAROLD KERZNER, Ph.D. Division of Business Administration Baldwin-Wallace College Berea, Ohio John Wiley Sons, Inc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright O 2006 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 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Norman Swartz, Simon Fraser University v Acknowledgments For the 1993 edition: The following friends and colleagues deserve thanks for their help and encouragement with this project: Clifford Anderson, Hellan Roth Dowden, Louise Dowden, Robert Foreman, Richard Gould, Kenneth King, Marjorie Lee, Elizabeth Perry, Heidi Wackerli, Perry Weddle, Tiffany Whetstone, and the following reviewers: David Adams, California State Polytechnic

Essay on Friar Lawrence - 980 Words

Friar Lawrence is a character in William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet that served as a mentor for Romeo and Juliet, the two star-crossed lovebirds. He served as a mentor and a friend throughout the entire play, and because of it, his life was forever changed. In the beginning of the story, we meet the friar and can see that he is a happy go lucky guy, frollicking through the fields and giving advice to Romeo. However, the friar has to deal with quite a bit more than a two lovestruck teens, and it changes him for the worse. By the end of Act V, all of the drama that had taken place had taken it’s toll on Friar Lawrence and he was very upset and seemed to have been broken by the events of the week. The first time that we hear him speak,†¦show more content†¦He sees himself as someone who can be establish a bridge to help the community by mentoring one in the middle of the gap. â€Å"But come, young waverer, come, go with me. In one respect I’ll assistan t be, for this alliance may so happy prove to turn your household’s rancor to pure love... Wisely and slow. They stumble that run fast.† (Act II.iii.96-99 101) The desire to make people happy is a manifestation of the Friar’s loving and caring personality. As happens with most people when they carry a load that is too much for them to bear, Friar Lawrence starts to break emotionally. His light hearted spirit disappeared after a bloody battle between Romeo, Tybalt, and Mercutio, resulting in two murders. Romeo wallows in the floor, moaning about his punishment, banishment, and the Friar has obviously had enough, for he says, â€Å"O deadly sin, O rude unthankfulness! Thy fault our law calls death, but the kind prince, taking thy part, hath rushed aside the law and turned that black word ‘death’ to ‘banishment.’ This is dear mercy, and thou seest it not.† (Act III.iii.25-30) The kind spirit in Friar Lawrence has been worn out by th e stupidity of Romeo and it is easily noticeable due to the way that the friar speaks in attempt to get Romeo to pick himself up off of the floor. â€Å"Art thou a man? Thy form cries out thou art. Thy tears are womanish; thy wild acts denote the unreasonable fury of a beast. Unseemingly woman in a seeming man.† (Act III.iii.118-121) In hisShow MoreRelatedFriar Lawrence711 Words   |  3 PagesFriar Lawrence Friar Laurence is presented as a holy man who is trusted and respected by the other characters. The Friars role as the friend and advisor to Romeo and Juliet highlights the conflict between parents and their children within the play. The centrality of the Friars role suggests a notable failure of parental love. Romeo and Juliet cant tell their parents of their love because of the quarrel between the two families. In their isolation, Romeo and Juliet turn to the Friar whoRead MoreFriar Lawrence Character Analysis1006 Words   |  5 Pageswell portrayed by the holy friar of Verona. At a first glance, one would consider Friar Lawrence only a minor influence in the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. However, he is much more significant to the development of the play. Friar Lawrence acts as a catalyst to further sequence love and peace. He is without a doubt, a very complicated individual, and it is his complex nature that makes him such an interesting character. In William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, Friar Lawrence is seen as a tragic heroRead MoreInterview with Friar Lawrence Essay619 Words   |  3 PagesInterview with Friar Lawrence Detective: How did it all begin, Friar? Friar L: Well I suppose it started when Romeo came to me one morning and I suspected that something was wrong because Romeo was all bright and cheerful. I guessed that he had spent the night with Rosaline†¦ Detective: Who is Rosaline? Friar L: She was Romeo’s Girlfriend. Then I asked if he was with Rosaline and he said that he had forgotten her name and the woe it brought. I then asked whereRead MoreFriar Lawrence: Friend or Foe?800 Words   |  4 PagesFriar Lawrence: Friend or Foe? The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet goes back for centuries. It still captivates millions of readers every year. Is it the way Shakespeare always keeps people guessing? How about the theme of relying on fate? Maybe its because every time this wonderful piece of literature is read no one can decide exactly on who is blame? Is it really Juliets fault for falling in love and taking chances? Is it their parent’s faults for fighting in the first place? Yes, but no. Friar LawrenceRead MoreAnalysis of Friar Lawrence and the Nurse1075 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Nurse and Friar Laurence as mentors to the young people in the play. Do these two people do the â€Å"right thing† by Romeo and Juliet? The nurse and Friar are sophisticated characters that act as parental figures within the prolix and truculent play. The timeless classic Romeo and Juliet (RJ) by William Shakespeare revolves around the notion of determinism, death, love and deception. Despite Romeo and Juliet having warring parents who pay little regard to them, the Nurse and Friar act as parentalRead MoreThe Role of Friar Lawrence in Romeo and Juliet609 Words   |  2 Pages Friar Lawrence plays a religious role in the play thus making him trustworthy to Romeo and Juliet. He is the only one they trust and the only one they seek advice from. Friar Lawrence plays a major role in Romeo and Juliets love. First he unites them together in holy matrimony For this alliance may so happy prove to turn your households rancour to pure love. (2.3.91-92). Friar Lawrence unites them both together not only because of their true love for one another but in hopes that the comingRead MoreWhy Is Friar Lawrence Responsible For Romeo An d Juliet901 Words   |  4 PagesFriar Lawrence plays a major role in Shakespeares play, Romeo and Juliet. Through his lack of organization and judgment, Friar Laurence is highly responsible for the deaths of both Romeo and Juliet. He is a member of a group of wise priests that only want good in the world but, at the end of the play, you realize that Friar Lawrence makes many mistakes throughout the story. There are three major points that lead to the thats of both Romeo, Juliet, and even Mercutio. The first was the marriageRead MoreFriar Lawrence Is Responsible for the Deaths of Romeo and Juliet704 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Shakespearean tragedy, Romeo and Juliet, Friar Lawrence was a monk, and a counselor, who came up with intricate plots and concocted a seemingly magical elixir in order to solve problems that the lovers encountered. Friar Lawrence had a profound impact on the outcome of this Shakespearean play; however, in a way that led to catastrophe. There are many factors that caused the deaths of the lovers, but two of the most important were how Friar Lawrence disregarded his own logic, and how he missedRead MoreA Comparison: Friar Lawrence vs the Nurse Essay835 Words   |  4 PagesA Comparison: Friar Lawrence VS The Nurse Thesis: Both Friar Lawrence and The Nurse are loyal to Romeo and Juliet (respectively), they have defended, protected and have helped upkeep their well being, but do not always make decisions in their best interests, which in fact lead to both of their demises. In Romeo and Juliet, a story where two lovers are destined to be together, but their heritage prevents them, Friar Lawrence and The Nurse are similar to fathers and mothers, wise guardians,Read MoreRomeo and Juliet - Importance of Friar Lawrence Essay743 Words   |  3 Pagesplan and the deaths. In all three of these parts Friar Lawrence played a vital role. His attempts to make the marriage of Romeo and Juliet was very admirable but were poorly planned. It these attempts that make his role the most significant one in the play. This is why Friar Lawrence is the most powerful character in the play. The tragedy of their deaths could not have happened if Romeo had received the message in time. This is due to Friar Lawrence not planning how he was going to fake Juliets

Bio 30 4th Exam Reviewer Free Essays

string(28) " have been due to mutation\." BIO 30 4TH EXAM REVIEWER Merlyn S. Mendioro Delayed and Extra-chromosomal Inheritance 1. ) Genetic factors that are located outside the chromosome: plasmagenes, plasmons, cytogens, plasmids. We will write a custom essay sample on Bio 30 4th Exam Reviewer or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. ) Plasmid inheritance implies: perpetuation through DNA Replication. 3. ) Killer gene particulate material in Paramecium aurelia: kappa 4. ) Mirabilis jalapa shows extrachromosomal inheritance in the ___________. When a pale male parent is crossed with a green female the result usually is __________. : chloroplast, green 5. Hereditary mitochondrial diseases are transmitted only through the ____________ line since ______________ can hardly contain mitochondria. : maternal, spermatozoa 6. ) Gradual loss of the ability to control eye movement: Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia 7. ) Occurs during childhood characterized by a combination of anemia, reduction of all blood cells, dysfunction of the pancreas, liver and kidneys: Pearson Syndrome 8. ) Cytoplasmic nuclear male sterility: 9. ) Mothers transmit virus-like particles called sigma. What is this? Infective Heredity 10. Extrachromosomal particles/plasmids free of the host organism or integral of the organism chromosome that are infective. For example E. Coli’s fertility trait. Episomes 11. ) What are the different criteria for extrachromosomal inheritance? : Difference in reciprocal cross results, Maternal Inheritance, Non-mappability, Non-segregation, Non-Mendelian Segregation, Indifference to nuclear substitution, Infection-like transmission 11a. ) Difference in reciprocal crosses – if the normal cross is equal to the reciprocal cross Maternal inheritance – if the traits are mainly from the mothers because of the cytoplasm contributed. Non-mappability – the extra-chromosomal gene cannot be mapped. Non-segregation – failure to show segregation merits extrachromosomal heredity Non-Mendelian Segregation – does not follow Mendelian proportions. Indifference to nuclear substitution – when characteristic persists in presence of nuclear transmission. Extrachromosomal inheritance comes into play. Infection-like transmission – transmitted without nuclear transmission, IT IS Extrachromosomal. Quantitative Genetics 1. ) A quantitative trait is _________. Quantitative effects are __________ if they can be added to produce phenotypes, the sum total of the negative and positive effects of individual ____________: polygenic, additive, polygenes 2. ) The several basic assumptions for polygene hypothesis: Gene determining quantitative traits = Gene determining qualitative traits only that the former has NO INDIVIDUALLY RECOGNIZED PHENOTYPIC EFFECT Series of genes independent of one another governs a quantitative trait Genes have cumulative effect Dominance is ordinarily absent The F1 appears intermediate of the parents There is an appreciable influence of the environment on the expression of the trait The only adequate system of classification is through measurement of the trait 3. ) Contributory effect per allele = large phenotype-smallest phenotype2n 4. ) Finding the frequency of each combination: Use binomial distribution or Pascal Triangle 5. ) (a+b)2n , where n is the number of gene pairs, 2n is the number of alleles. 6. ) Problem Solving I: The gene AA controls for the phenotype of length of corn. Three genes are responsible for the length of corn. The longest measurement of corn in a sample of 1000 is 130cm while the shortest is 24 cm. Find all the possible progenies of the parent corn and their respective measurements. Include their frequencies. 130 cm – 24 cm = 106 cm 106cm / 6 alleles = 17. 67 cm per allele Gene| aaaaaa| Aaaaaa| AAaaaa| AAAaaa| AAAAaa| AAAAAa| AAAAAA| Length| 24cm| 41. 67cm| 59. 34cm| 77. 01cm| 94. 68cm| 112. 35cm| 130. 02cm| Frequency| 1/64| 6/64| 15/64| 20/64| 15/64| 6/64| 1/64| 7. ) Finding the gene pairs: 8. ) The tendency of the offspring of extreme parents to deviate from the mean by a lesser amount than their parents. Regression 9. ) There will be no regression if there is no dominance, no epistasis, and no environmental effects. True 10. ) Number of facets in Bar-eyed Drosophila is a gene effect specifically? Multiplying effects 11. ) The measure of resemblance between relatives is called? Heritability 12. ) Why is heritability in the narrow sense important to plant breeders? Because it indicates that the selection of parents bearing particular measurements that are favorable will produce offspring of similar phenotype. They want favorable traits to be passed on to the next generation as intact. 3. ) Why is heritability in the broad sense important to human geneticists? Because they want to know how much an individual’s phenotype is affected by his genotype. They want to assess the relative influence of the genotype and environmental factors. Population Genetics 1. ) It studies the genetic constitution of populations and how this genetic constitution changes from generation to generation. Population Genetics 2. ) A community of sexually interbreeding or potentially interbreeding individuals sharing a common gene pool. Population 3. Refer to the proportions of the different alleles of a gene in a population. Gene frequencies. 4. ) The sum total of genes in the reproductive gametes of all the individuals in a population. Gene Pool 5. ) The formulators of the Hardy Weinberg are: Godfrey Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg 6. ) State the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium: The frequency of the dominant and recessive alleles remained constant at whatever value applied to the previous generation. 7. ) State the factors that disrupt the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium: Mutation, Selection, Migration, Genetic Drift 8. Mutation occurs only in one direction, False 9. ) What are the three basic kinds of selective effects? Stabilizing Selection – tends to eliminate the phenotypic extremes Directional Selection – one of the extremes in the phenotypic range becomes most fit and thus it is preserved. Disruptive Selection – Both extremes of the phenotypic range are selected for. 10. ) Selection is both a long term and a short term process. True 11. ) The reproductive success of one phenotype as opposed to alternative phenotypes. Fitness 12. ) The force acting upon a phenotype to reduce its fitness or adaptive value. Selection Pressure. 13. ) Selection against a genotype may occur either in gametes or in zygotes. True 14. ) In this selection, there is no difference between the dominant and the recessive alleles since both genotypes are phenotypically expressed. Gametic Selection 15. ) In this selection, three possible genotypes for a single gene difference are observed. Zygotic Selection. 16. ) A situation where two or more forms of a population coexist in the same habitat in such a proportion that even the least frequent form could not have been due to mutation. You read "Bio 30 4th Exam Reviewer" in category "Essay examples" Balanced Polymorphism 17. ) A type of assortative (non-random) mating where mates are more closely related to each other. Inbreeding 18. ) This is where inbreeding brings out deleterious recessive genes that were previously concealed by their dominant alleles. Inbreeding Depression 18a. ) Sample Question: Why is human mating in relatives forbidden by law? Because of deleterious recessive infirmities. There is a large chance for a concealed gene say lethal gene to be expressed when you breed with a relative rather than random mating individuals. 19. The effects of inbreeding depression can be reversed by? Hybridization 20. ) Hybrids show marked increase in fitness: increased size, fertility etc. This is called as? Hybrid Vigor/Heterosis. 21. ) When there is migration, two factors are important to the recipient population. What are they? The difference in gene frequencies between two populations and the proportion of migrant genes that are incorporated each generation are the two facto rs. 22. ) A non-directional force that changes gene frequency in an unpredictable rate from generation to generation. Genetic Drift 23. The number of parents in the population which is important in determining genetic drift. Effective Population Size 24. ) Severe reduction in population size due to a deleterious, external event. Bottleneck 25. ) A small part of the population moves to an uninhabited area. Founder’s Effect. 26. ) Defined as populations of organisms that differ in the relative frequency of some genes or genetically distinct populations of the same species. Races 27. ) Defined as a group of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups. Species 28. In separate groups (Allopatric) or within an area of overlap (Sympatric), speciation can take place by chance. 29. ) Prevent the formation of hybrid zygotes. These include ecological, temporal, behavioral, mechanical and gametic isolation. Prezygotic barriers. 30. ) Conseque nces of genetic incompatibilities or nuclear-cytoplasmic irregularities. Postzygotic Barriers. 31. ) 5 Types of Isolation (Pre-Zygotic Barrier): Habitat Isolation, Temporal Isolation, Behavioral Isolation, Mechanical Isolation, Gametic Isolation. Habitat Isolation – organism, isolated from others by habitat. Temporal Isolation – organism, is not in right time for reproduction. The mates are only reproducing in other timeframes. Behavioral Isolation – Sexual attraction is weak or absent between sexes. Mechanical Isolation – Pollen, gametic transfer is rendered physically impossible because of differences in size or structure of the reproductive organs. Gametic Isolation – The male and female gametes fail to fuse or the spermatozoa or pollen are inviable. 32. ) 3 Kinds of Post-Zygotic Barriers. Hybrid Inviability – hybrid zygotes fail to develop, or fail to reach sexual maturity. Hybrid Sterility – hybrids fail to produce functional gametes. Hybrid Breakdown – The viability or fertility of the hybrids is greatly reduced. 33. ) Speciation that is faster which are due to chromosomal changes. Rapid Speciation Human Genetics 1. ) The affected individual through whom the pedigree is discussed. Proband 2. ) 22II + XX/XY + I21/Trisomy 21 Down’s Syndrome 3. ) 22II + XX/XY + I16,17,or18, or Trisomy in either 16, 17, 18th chromosome. E Trisomy 4. ) 22II + XX/XY + I13,14,or15 or Trisomy in either 13, 14, 15th chromosome. D Trisomy 5. ) Sex chromosome Aneuploid. 22II + XO. 9% of affected fetuses die before birth. Sexually Infantile. Turner’s Syndrome 6. ) 22II + XXY. Mental Retardation, Rambling talkativeness, dependent, submissive, rudimentary testes. Klinefelter’s Syndrome 7. ) 22II + XXX. Tallness, menstrual irregularities, Subnormal Mental Abilities. Triplo X Syndrome 8. ) 22II + XYY. Violent Behavior. Acne. Speech and Reading Probl ems. Jacob Syndrome 9. ) 22II + Xy. Has both ovary and testes. Mentally retarded. Has congenital anomalies. Hermaphrotidism 10. ) 5p-. Deletion on the terminal end of the 5th Chromosome. Small Epiglottis. Cat-like cry. Cri-du-chat Syndrome 11. ) No dystrophin synthesized. Deletion of a small segment in X chromosome. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy 12. ) Lesser dystrophin synthesized. Becker Muscular Dystrophy 13. ) Reciprocal translation of chromosomes 2 and 20. Alagille Syndrome. 14. ) Translocation involving chromosomes 9 and 22 resulting in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Philadelphia chromosomes. 15. ) Genes that convert normal cells into cancer cells. Oncogenes 16. ) Accumulation of galactose in blood. Consequences include muscle weakness, mental retardation, and liver disease. Galactosemia. 17. ) Resistance to malaria but has severe hemolytic anemia. Favism/Primaquine Sensitivity. 18. ) PKU stands for. Phenylketonuria. 19. ) Normal hemoglobin A is replaced by abnormal hemoglobin S. Substitution of amino acid valine for glutamic acid. Sickle Cell Anemia. 20. ) Persistence of fetal hemoglobin. Too few beta globin chains. Thalassemia. 21. ) Caused by a deletion of a single amino acid of the CFTR. Lung infection. Pancreatic insufficiency. Cystic Fibrosis. 22. ) Predisposition to allergy was found out in a single dominant gene in the long arm of? Chromosome 11 23. Loss of ability to organize thoughts. Was found out to have a heritability of 80%. A normal person can have this by living with someone who has this. Schizophrenia 24. ) 2 Common Eating Disorders. Anorexia Nervosa/Bulimia Nervosa 25. ) Eating disorder where males see themselves as too small and they take more amino acid. Bigorexia/Muscle Dysmorphia. 26. ) Has a high heritability of 40-60%. Gene for do pamine contributes to this too. Drug Addiction 27. ) Environmental effect on IQ declines as an individual advances in age. The heritability of an adult IQ is 80%. True 28. The candidate gene for intelligence. N-CAM (Neural Cellular Adhesion Molecule) 29. ) The candidate chromosome for intelligence. 4 30. ) Republic Act No. 9288. Newborn Screening Act 31. ) Disorders included in Newborn Screening: Congenital Hyperthyroidism Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Galactosemia Phenylketonuria Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 1. ) Steps in Recombinant DNA Technology. Restriction Endonuclease/DNA Ligase Cloning Vehicle/Vector Functional Host Multiplication of Recipient Cells. 2. ) Initial success of Recombinant DNA Technology. Insulin in E. Coli 3. ) HUGO stands for. Human Genome Mapping Organization 4. ) The technique of DNA fingerprinting involves the use of. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms 5. ) DNA Markers Useful in Genome Mapping RFLP Tandem Nucleotide Repeat Markers Polymerase Chain Reaction Based Marker Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism 6. ) Executive Order 514 series of 2006 established? National Biosafety Framework 7. ) NCBP stands for. National Committee on Biosafety of the Philippines. Bonus Questions on Human Genetics . ) People with urine that smells like Maple Syrup. Maple Syrup Urine Disease 2. ) Have formation of plaque on the inner wall of coronary arteries. Angina. Arrythmia. Heart Failure. Shortness of Breath. Coronary Heart Disease 3. ) Manifested absence of polyuria, normal/slightly decreased concentrating urine ability. Autosomal Recessive. Gitelman’s Syndrome 4. ) Microcephally. Synephrys. Thick Eyelashes. Sho rt Upturned nose. Downturned lips. 1 to 10,000 to 30,000. Cornelia de Lange Syndrome 5. ) Neurodevelopmental disorder that affects girls exclusively. Has 4 stages. Last stage is scoliosis and the loss of walking ability. Rett Syndrome 6. ) Experience accumulation of glycogen that leads to progressive weakness of the muscles. Ventilator dependence. Pompe Disease 7. ) Mean age of 36. Mean survival after diagnosis is 2. 8 years. Dyspnea. Fatigue. Syncope. Chest Pain. Edema. Familial Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (FPAH) 8. ) Has a multifactorial inheritance pattern. Chronic disease characterized by recurrent attack of breathlessness and wheezing. Allergic and Respiratory Asthma 9. ) Excessive Hunger. Excessive thirst. Frequent Urination. Weight Loss. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 10. ) Nearsightedness or shortsightedness. Myopia 11. ) Autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the body. It is caused by the malfunction of the immune system. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) 12. ) Bloating. Stomach Cramps. Flatulence. Slight Nausea. Diarrhea upon intake of lactose. Lactose Intolerance 13. ) Neurodegenerative disease that commonly affects people over the age of 60. Parkinson’s Disorder 14. ) Sporadic, non-contagious multifactorial disease in which progressive, patchy or loss of pigmentation of skin, overlying hair, and often mucous membranes. Vitiligo 15. ) Congenital Paresis (Paralysis of the Face). Inability to suck. Excessive Drooling. Moebius Syndrome 16. ) Small head circumference, high pitched cry, seizures increased. Microcephally 17. ) Average intelligence. Speaking in monotone. Develop intense interest in a particular subject. Asperger Syndrome 18. ) Generalized blistering and mucosal involvement present at birth. Non Herlitz Junctional Epidemolysis Bullosa 19. ) Manifestations of bone fracture, without known trauma, bone deformity and blue sclera. Osteogenesis Imperfecta How to cite Bio 30 4th Exam Reviewer, Essay examples

Internationalisation of TUI AG

Internationalisation involves expansion of a firm’s core business activities into new markets. It is a systematic process characterised by an in-depth scrutiny of potential markets. The process involves identification of strategic partners useful in the process of entry into the new market. Internationalisation of company’s operations is primarily influenced by resources available for disposal.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Internationalisation of TUI AG specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are two major strategies that companies use in internationalization of operations. The first strategy is the direct approach. Companies set up plants which they use to introduce their product or service in a new market. Alternatively, companies can use strategic partnerships and acquisitions to penetrate a new market. Strategic partners provide information on the local market’s trend which is usef ul in decision making for an international company. TUI AG has employed use of strategic alliances and acquisitions to expand its operations. The tourism industry entails several core elements. They include transport and accommodation. TUI AG has started or acquired different companies in transport and hotel industries. For example, TIU AG operates both charter and low cost airlines. Charter airlines include TUIfly, Jetfly, Corsairfly and Arkefly. Low cost airlines include TUIfly command and Thomsonfly. Similarly, the company owns and operates tour agencies and operators in different countries. Tour operators and agencies are the main catalyst of success in the tourism business. Among the functions of the tour agencies include hotel booking for guests. To this end, TUI AG has invested heavily five star hotels. TIU AG comprises of major hotel brands including Magic Life, Riu, Iberotel and Grecotel. These brands are spread over different countries in Europe. Hagan-Lloyd operates luxur y cruise ships whose occupants are booked in different World of TUI hotels when cruise ships dock in different European countries. There are several benefits that are associated with TUI strategy that integrates different tourism activities. One key benefit is independence. TUI operates a range of businesses that complement each other in the tourism industry. Therefore, the company does not rely on outside players for provision of customers to its businesses. For example, Hagan-Lloyd cruise occupants are booked into TUI‘s hotels when cruise ships in different location in Europe.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another benefit is convenience. Customers are in position to experience a whole package without need of involvement of many players. This is economical on both time and money. TUI offers a broad range of tourism products and prides itself in continuous produ ct innovation. Increased innovation is a good marketing tool as customers promote the products through word of mouth. One disadvantage of the integrated tourism activities is that tourism supply chain that decline in tourism activities can be detrimental to TUI’s operations. This is because most of her companies are either directly or indirectly related to tourism. TUI, therefore, aims at diversifying its portfolio by launching operations in emerging markets including China and India. China, for example, has experienced average annual growth of 8% per annum. This case study on Internationalisation of TUI AG was written and submitted by user Phasma to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.