Business strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Business strategy - Essay Example Initially, Microsoft used a functional structure in which the workforce would be categorized into departments that suit individual professional specialization. As the company grew, the functional structure could no longer apply. In the current divisional structure, the company has diverse departments with each unit tasked with handling specific lines of operations. Corporate culture includes the shared beliefs, ideas, values, traditions and behavior patterns that give an entity a unique identity. Microsoft Corporation was founded on values and principles held dearly by its pioneer, Bill Gates. Gates believed that starting up a computer company that would enlighten the world and avail technology to everyone was a noble idea. Currently, the company subscribes to market culture in which immense focus is placed on customers. The company seeks to efficiently and diligently carry out its tasks to meet the demands of its global customer base (King and Lawley, 98). One of the major reasons Microsoft has grown steadily in the information technology industry is the marketing strategies it has employed over the years. The company has utilized platforms such as the internet, retail outlets and other resellers to meet the targeted global market. Microsoft also has a highly experienced legal team; an aspect that has worked to its advantage. For example, the Enterprise Agreement Direct Advisors (EDA) is one of those that have significantly improved Microsoft’s marketing outcomes. Consequently, the stable financial situation at Microsoft is the cornerstone of its developmental process. Recently, the company announced revenue of over USD26 billion. There are periods when these figures shoot up to USD70 billion. It also prioritizes on its investments, and this has rightfully earned the company huge revenues. The nature of competition evident in the IT industry requires constant research and

Harts version of legal positivism and Dworkins attack of Harts Essay

Harts version of legal positivism and Dworkins attack of Harts particular version - Essay Example Also associated with positivism is the discretion thesis, which describes the fact of judicial decision as such: when there are gaps left by legal rules (i.e., in the so-called â€Å"hard cases†), judges make new laws in the exercise of their discretion. This emphasis on the part played by judicial discretion when courts have to decide open questions of law runs through positivistic jurisprudence from John Austin to H. L. A. Hart. The positivist discretion thesis has, however, been challenged by theorists like Ronald Dworkin, Rolf Sartorius and others. This paper explores the arguments of both the positivist and non-positivist camps and discusses whether an acceptance of the positivist thesis will cause one to adopt a different outlook with regards to the judicial process in hard cases. Due to space constraints, this paper focuses only on Hart’s version of legal positivism and Dworkin’s attack of Hart’s particular version. These two theorists are chosen be cause of the prominence of the Hart/Dworkin debate. Part II of the paper summarises the ideas of Hart. Part III provides an explanation of Dworkin’s attack on legal positivism. Part IV then moves into an analysis of whether adopting a positivist outlook will make a difference as to how one views the process of adjudicating hard cases.

Each Individuals Outlook on Life and How Its Formed :: essays research papers

Humdrum Conundrum: Does or does it not make sense to insist that how each person sees things depends entirely on that persons unique time, place, and subjective judgement? on their cultural background? I would like to point out that this paper is written assuming there is an absolute reality...and there is actually a table sitting there, and it is not just a figment of our imagination, as it were. Pardon the assumption, I have to have somewhere to work from. â€Å"Did You Just See That?† I believe it makes perfect sense to insist how someone sees something depends entirely on his or her point of view. A great modern philosopher, Bertrand Russell’s, idea of appearance and reality explains that perception of a table and its distribution of colors, shape, and sense, vary with each point of view. Commenting on the distribution of color, Russell states that, "It follows that if several people are looking at the table at the same moment, no two of them will see exactly the same distribution of colors, because no two can see it from exactly the same point of view, and any change in the point of view makes some change in the way the light is reflected." What one person sees the table as green, one might see as red at another viewpoint. And what might seem to have color is actually colorless in the dark. What one might perceive as being rectangle, may look oval in another view. What may sense the table to be hard by a touch of the fingertips may be soft by the touch of the cheek. Determining hardness of the table depends on pressure applied and judge of the sensation. No assumptions can be absolutely true because there is no determining factor in choosing the right angle to look at or sense the table. There are no determining factors in which angle or measurement is better to judge than the other in sense of color, shape, and feel of an object. So, depending on an individual’s point of reference, or point of view, will alter their sense of perception of any object, thing, or mass. It is the same idea with a photograph. Depending on the lighting, time of day, and position the picture was taken from, a table can be made to look like any number of things. If it is night, the table may look like a darker lump against a dark backdrop.

The Bantu

LESSON PLAN GRADE 11 HISTORY. TOPIC: BANTU MIGRATIONS INTO CENTRAL AFRICA BEFORE 1800. OBJECTIVES: Pupils should be able to: Define the term â€Å" Bantu† Define the term â€Å" Migration† Explain the origin of the Bantu. Explain the causes of the migration and settlement of the Bantu Describe the ways of life of the Bantu. ORIGIN Bantu is a common term used to refer to the over 400 different ethnic groups of Africa stretching from south of the Sahara desert to South Africa that have similar languages and to some extent customs. Their movements are called migrations their large scale movements over long distances.It is important however to understand that these movement did not occur at once. They took place in phases. The Bantu speaking people were part of the Iron Age people from the Middle East. They settled along the banks of the River Nile. Later, they moved to North Africa and occupied some areas in the Sahara grasslands. From here, they moved to the area around L ake Chad, Nigeria and the Cameroon highlands area called the Benue-Cross region. However, some settled in the great lakes region in east Africa. These people were given the name ‘Bantu’ because of the imilarities that were noticed in their languages. For example, the prefix ‘ba-’ and the suffix ‘-ntu’ was common among the languages they spoke. To illustrate this, look at the table below which shows translations of the word ‘person’ and ‘people’ into some Zambian Bantu languages: 1 Language Lozi Tonga Bemba Kaonde Tumbuka Singular Mutu Muntu Umuntu Muntu muntu Plural Batu Bantu Abantu Bantu antu CAUSES The drying up of the Sahara grasslands. This led the groups that practiced agriculture to migrate in search of new fertile land and water for farming. There was population increase.This created pressure on the causing others to migrate in search for new land. Occupation, agriculture, hunting, blacksmith etc. Succession di sputes in some cases led to the migration of some groups. This normally happened when a king died and members of the royal family quarreled about who should succeed. Convicted people or criminals migrated in order to run away from being punished or killed. Tribal wars caused migrations as defeated tribes ran away from powerful ones for safety. Slave trade contributed to the migrations in that in order to avoid being ttacked and sold as slaves, some groups were forced to migrate to new areas. Some groups or individuals migrated merely for adventure. They did this so that they could explore and see what other lands were like.Ambition Another reason that led to the Bantu migrations was that of expansion. Some rulers wanted to expand their kingdoms and therefore migrated in search of new areas. 2 THE COURSE AND EXAMPLES OF THE GROUPS THAT MIGRATED 1. = 3000 – 1500 BC origin 2 = ca. 1500 BC first migrations 2. a = Eastern Bantu, 2. b = Western Bantu 3. = 1000 – 500 BC Urewe nuclus of Eastern Bantu . – 7. southward advance 9. = 500 BC – 0 Congo nucleus 10. = 0 – 1000 AD last phase 3 First group Passed through Congo Forest, avoided Zaire River and settled in Katanga or Shaba. This was about the 5th century. They settled here because of the fertile land, good rainfall, minerals, and grazing land. Interacted with the Portuguese who introduced them to new crops like, maize, sweet potatoes, and bananas. Second group Migrated around the 14th century. Settled western side of Lake Malawi. The descendants of this group are the Tumbuka, Nsenga, Kamanga and Tonga of Malawi.Another group of the Shona, Rozwi, and Karanga took a short cut, crossed the Zambezi River and settled in Mashonland. Third group This group had the Sotho and Nguni and went north east via Tanzania through the western side of Lake Malawi. They settled in Mashonaland. Here, they were forced out by the Rozwi, Shona and the Karanga. The group went to settle in South Africa. Th is was between 9th and the 14th century. 4 WAYS OF LIFE Economic The Bantu were agriculturists who grew crops like sorghum, millet, beans, maize, and sweet potatoes.They were pastoralists who kept animals like cattle, pigs, goats. They were hunters who hunted wild game for meat. They were also smelters and also made farming implements Pottery makers, made channel decorated type. Made baskets and mats. 5 Social Lived in small households. Households were made of pole and daga. Roof was thatched with grass. Huts built in a secular form Kraal built in the middle for protection of the cattle. Diet included fish, meat, and vegetables. Bark of the tree used as cloth. Political Family household under eldest male member.Family formed clans which formed villages. Villages headed by a headman. Villages formed a chiefdom or kingdom. Headed by a chief or king respectively. Religious Believed in a superior being. They called their superior being by different names. Their god would be approached b y leaders who were semi-divine. Had different spirits for different problems. Religious ceremonies held on tombs, under the msoro tree or any other sacred place. Cattle and/or other animals would be killed only during such ceremonies.  © One World Africa (Zambia) 2007 6

Content Area Literacy - 1167 Words

CONTENT AREA LITERACY IMPORTANCE Tracey Turner EDUC 525A Instructor: Craig Carter December 7, 2014 CONTENT AREA LITERACY IMPORTANCE Literacy is an important aspect for success in life in general. An individual’s success in the classroom, in their career, and in their quality of life is directly related to how literate that individual may be. Literacy is more than the ability to read, but how an individual uses written information to function in life. Literacy was traditionally thought of as just the ability to read and understand what has been read. Now, the term literacy is being thought of in terms as a much wider range of skills related to subjects such as science and math. Changes in society and advancements in†¦show more content†¦There is no action to tell a story in an expository text. The reader needs to use strategies for harnessing and synthesizing the information in this type of text.† (Retrieved from http://www.k12reader.com/what-is-content-area-reading/). In the classroom, regardless if early classroom or higher, it is always important for students to learn effective reading strategies regardless of the subject. Successful readers will learn early on to use these strategies in every subject. The teacher will help the students to develop before reading strategies, during reading strategies, and after reading strategies. Some of the successful pre-reading strategies that I have used have been skimming the selection, accessing prior knowledge, and learning vocabulary. In the second grade class I taught, we skimmed the story for words that may be unfamiliar to us and then used strategies such as context clues and apposition to figure out the meaning of those words. Some during-reading strategies include questions, infer, and summarize. I felt that summarizing the selection with the second grades, hitting key points, helped them to comprehend and understand the selection better. Summarizing is also an effective after-reading strateg y along with re-reading, asking questions, and confirming predictions. An effective strategy that I used for vocabulary was to have the class together to think of a symbol that wouldShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Content Area Or Developmental Focus Language And Literacy717 Words   |  3 PagesContent Area or Developmental Focus: Language and literacy. Age/Grade of Children: Preschool, ages 4 and 5 Length of Lesson: Approximately 2 hours Goal To teach students the letters of the alphabet Objective The students will be able to make all letters of the alphabet using pipe cleaners and be able to successfully make at least 12 letters. This will be done with the teacher calling out letters one by one and giving a known word that begins with the letter. Standards Included Ages 4: Early LearningRead MoreModule 4 : Supporting Comprehension Of Content Essay1577 Words   |  7 PagesModule 4: Supporting Comprehension of Content Essential Questions: 1. Why do pre-reading strategies that activate prior knowledge and raise interest in the subject prepare students to approach text reading in a critical frame of mind? I believe pre-reading strategies give students confidence that can lead to self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is a way for a student to think in an â€Å"I can† way. When students have prior knowledge of what is being read, they can reflect on the text being read in a moreRead MoreLiteracy Is A Key Component Of Any Classroom1002 Words   |  5 Pageswould have asked me three months ago what literacy is and what its role is within schools, I would have given a short and vague answer. I thought that literacy only encompassed learning how to read, perhaps how to write as well; but for the most part literacy was only concerned about reading. I thought that the way it impacted schools was how teachers taught reading. After learning about literacy in TCHED 4391, I have learned a great deal more about literacy. Yet that is not the most valuable informationRead MoreWhat Is The Implementation Of The CT Core Standards?771 Words   |  4 Pagesdimension of complexity to the task of raising student literacy achievement, and has simultaneously influenced both student learning and the professional learning of educators (Wendt, 2013). A recent nationwide study (n = 3,000) of the implementation of the Common Core State Standards (aka CT Core Standards) found that most teachers feel ill-prepared to implement the new literacy standards, especially with high-needs students (National Center for Literacy Education, 2014). On a scale of 1-5 in which teachersRead MoreLiteracy Is Not Only A Problem That The English Teacher931 Words   |  4 PagesTimes are changing. Literacy is not only a problem that the English teacher has to deal with. Literacy is defined as the ability to read and write (Oxford Dictionaries). However, you have to use different skills to read a novel than you do with reading a science question. So it only makes that literacy should be taught in different ways for each different subject. It does a student no good to be able to physically read a science questio n but have no idea what it’s asking for. The last five yearsRead MoreLiteracy Reflection1505 Words   |  7 PagesLiteracy is a term that when thought about by the masses, it tends to be solely focusing on reading and writing. Trust me, when we first started this project in the beginning of the semester, I was one of the ignorant that didn’t quite understand that there is a lot more to literacy than just those two components. During the three-part project, I have read and annotated three articles, two that were given to me and one article that relays back to my content area, which is physical education. EachRead MoreLiteracy As A 21st Century Educator1604 Words   |  7 PagesWhen one hears the term literacy, the first thought that comes to mind is reading. However, literacy is so much more. It is in everything we do, from reading a book to getting from one location to another. We often do not realize how much literacy is in every aspect of our daily lives. As a mat h teacher, I chose to explore this concept as it relates to mathematics. I wanted to gain a general understanding of how literacy is intertwined in mathematics, from vocabulary to word problems. As a 21st centuryRead MoreFinal Literacy Statement . I Have Learned A Vast Amount1057 Words   |  5 PagesFinal literacy statement I have learned a vast amount of knowledge after taking this literacy course. My perspective on literacy now, have developed into a notion that literacy is needed for a student’s success. My outlook on adolescent literacy is still that it has wide range of different perspectives. Literacy is the basic method of understanding the material. I define literacy to be composed of several components such as: comprehension, communication, reading, critical thinking, and analyzingRead MoreThe Appropriateness Of Resource For Students Who Are Pre K With Grade With Beginner Intermediate Level Esl Skills1513 Words   |  7 Pagesand content-area resource. Starfall.com includes activities and lessons for pre-k through second grade learners in the content areas of early literacy and early math. This resource is appropriate for reinforcing specific skills such as letter and number recognition as well as reading practice. For those at the beginner ESL level, audio directions can be used to prompt them along while those at an intermediate level may rely more on their knowledge of English phonetics. Resource 6: Literacy CenterRead MoreLiteracy Is Important And High Impact On The Core Subjects793 Words   |  4 PagesLiteracy has been shown to have an important and high impact on the core subjects. Literacy strategies are essential for teachers to use in the classroom. Students need a variety of literacy strategies in order for them to truly learn, understand, and apply the subject content. There has been countless research done on the impact that literacy has on the core subjects in elementary school, such as mathematics, science, and social studies. These studies range in perspectives by either focusing on

Tenrikyo Is A Religion Of The World - 2856 Words

Tenrikyo is a religion that emphasizes on how the joyous state of mind can greatly influence in what will be going through in our lives by satisfying god’s desires by making a good use of our body. In this paper, I am going to argue that Tenrikyo is one of the fastest growing religions in the world due to its rapid expansion that leads to an emerging new religion but does not interfere with other religions at the same time. Tenrikyo is based on a religion established by a Japanese lady named Nakayama Miki during the 19th century. Tenrikyo is a monotheistic religion that followers believe in the existence of this one particular God, as known as God the Parent. It was said that Nakayama Miki had received a calling by god, sent her to save all mankind from sufferings because god is the creator of mankind and it is his job to make sure that we are all in a joyous state. â€Å"God showed great mercy towards mankind, he came down and revealed himself as Nakayama Miki, taking her as mediatrix and his elected shrine. â€Å" (van Straelen 8) It was said that she had a revelation at 1838, God the Parent replaced her mind and thus her words are the words of god. According to Eliade, He argued that all religions originate to serve the sacred, and stay in contact with them. This is because according to his theory, religions are man made and it exists because it was meant to be a response to the sacred. From what happened to Nakayama Miki, a myth might be established because the sacred has

Technical Efficiency Of Charter School - 1734 Words

Technical efficiency is achieved when output is maximized given fixed levels of input. For a school to achieve technical efficiency, the school would have to provide students the best education possible given the fixed levels of labor and capital. A start-up charter school, with no permanent facility, would have to maximize the test scores of their students with the space being used. Also, a charter school must increaseased. If a charter e output when input is incr school moves to a larger facility or hires more teachers, the level of education for the students must increase as well. Traditional schools have trouble with increasing inputs. Those schools have one facility and can only fit a certain number of teachers within that facility.†¦show more content†¦A deterrent for the wanting to start a charter school is the high barrier of entry for a new firm. Charter schools have high start-up costs with little federal and state funding to help. With charter schools boasting a t otal of $2 billion in accounting profit per year, charter schools appear to be doing well for themselves (Charter Schools in the US, Industry at a Glance). However, charter schools are run as non-profit organizations, and the profits are recycled back into the school. One of the strongest arguments for charter schools is the idea that it gives children in urban areas a chance at a higher level of education offered than that of a traditional school within that district. Statistics show that twenty-nine percent of charter school students are African-American while only fifteen percent of traditional school students are African-American. Latino students also make up three percent more of the student body of charter schools relative to traditional schools. Over half of the charter schools in the U.S. are in urban areas while roughly only one-third of the traditional schools lie within the urban areas (Charter Schools in the US, Industry Performance tab, Exceptional Growth paragraph). Although minorities have a higher percentage in charter schools, there are claims that this does not make schools more diverse. Lots of charter schools are set up in predominantly African-American neighbor hoods and drawShow MoreRelatedThe International Civil Aviation Organization937 Words   |  4 PagesAviation Organization was first established in Chicago, U.S in December 1941, in the Convention on International Civil Aviation, which also formed its charter. The convention, also known as the Chicago convention, established rules of airspace, airplane registration and safety, and details the rights of the signatories in relation to air travel. The charter document was signed on December 7, 1944 in Chicago, Illinois by 52 signatory states. 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In place of coordination, inspection, and evaluation, a logic of confidence and good faith is employed. Formal organizationsare generally understood to be systems of coordinated and controlled activities that arise when work is embedded in complex networks of technical relations and boundary-spanningexchanges